30th Sunday in Ordinary Time – Cycle B
Note: Where a Scripture text is underlined in the body of this
discussion, it is recommended that the reader look up and read that
passage.
1st Reading - Jeremiah 31:7-9
Jeremiah was the second of the four great prophets of Israel, a
contemporary of Zephaniah, Nahum & Habakkuk. He was born around the
year 645 B.C., almost a century after Isaiah. He came from a priestly
family in Anathoth, a town about three miles northeast of Jerusalem, in
the southern kingdom of Judah.
God called him to be a prophet in 626 B.C., when he was 19 years old.
By express order of Yahweh he remained unmarried (Jeremiah 16:2),
embracing celibacy with generosity. God’s call came to him at a
time when the kingdom of Judah was about to collapse. Although he
preferred a quiet family life and small-town friendships, he realized
he could not contain the sentiments God had placed in his heart. For
more than 40 years, up to his death, he remained faithful to his
vocation and prophesied until after the fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C.
When Jerusalem fell, Jeremiah was forcibly taken to Egypt by his fellow
Judahites. In Egypt, Jeremiah prophesied against idolatrous Jews, and
probably died soon after, either stoned or starved to death by those
same men, who could not take his criticism.
Jeremiah’s book tells of his calling to be a prophet and
chronicles the downfall of Judah through mistaken covenants and broken
covenants. He reminds his hearers that God is a just judge who takes
covenants very seriously. He then goes on to prophesy about the
restoration of the northern and southern kingdoms (Israel and Judah).
Today’s reading talks about the restoration of Israel and the new
exodus.
7 [ T]hus says the LORD:
The prophet wants everyone to know whose message he is delivering.
Jeremiah uses the phrase 132 times (New American Bible) [150 times in
the Revised Standard Version, 148 in the King James Version].
Shout with joy for Jacob, exult at the head of the nations; proclaim
your praise and say: The LORD has delivered his people, the remnant of
Israel.
God has bestowed salvation on His people (Isaiah 12:6; 44:23). These
people are called the ‘remnant’ – the small number
who escaped when the northern kingdom was conquered by the Assyrians in
721 B.C. and have been purified through their exile to constitute the
new Israel, faithful to her God.
8 Behold, I will bring them back from the land of the
north; I will gather them from the ends of the world,
This is synonymous with the north (Assyria), where they have been kept captive (see Isaiah 43:5-6).
with the blind and the lame in their midst, The mothers and those with child; they shall return as an immense throng.
The caravan is composed of weak people, a sign of the miraculous nature of the event (see Isaiah 35:5-6).
9 They departed in tears,
A contrast to returning in joy (Psalm 126 uses this same contrast in describing the return from exile.
but I will console them and guide them; I will lead them to brooks of water,
An allusion to the “rock” incidents of the first exodus
(17:1-7; Numbers 20:1-13) but now it is constantly flowing (Isaiah
35:6-7).
on a level road, so that none shall stumble.
Accentuates how easy the march will be, in contrast to the first exodus (Isaiah 35:8; 40:4).
For I am a father to Israel,
The notion of the fatherhood of Yahweh toward Israel (“Israel is
my firstborn”) is sporadic in the Old Testament. It serves to
define their covenant relationship (Exodus 4:22; Deuteronomy 32:6). The
Israel referred to here is not necessarily the northern kingdom, but
the original single kingdom which was formed by the people of the
original exodus.
Ephraim is my first-born.
Ephraim was the second son of Joseph whom Israel (Jacob, twin brother
of Esau and son of Isaac) gave the blessing instead of the older
brother Manasseh (Genesis 48:17-20). The blessing can be traced from
Noah to Shem (his first-born, Genesis 9:26), Isaac to Jacob (Genesis
27:26), and now Jacob (Israel) to Ephraim. Although the blessing, by
Hebrew tradition went to the first-born, it is interesting that, in the
history of God’s people, the second-born has usually proven more
righteous than the first-born and has received the blessing. The
notable exceptions are Shem and Abraham.
2nd Reading - Hebrews 5:1-6
As we continue on with our study of the book of Hebrews let’s
look at its location in the New Testament. The New Testament epistles
(wisdom books) are located after the legal books (gospels) and the
historical book (Acts) and before the book of prophecy (Revelation).
The wisdom books are further divided by author (Paul, James, Peter,
John, and Jude), and within each author by length with the longest
appearing first. The author of Hebrews is unknown. As recently as 1914
the Pontifical Biblical Commission reaffirmed that the Church has not
decided that St. Paul is the author. That is why the reading is simply
announced as “from the letter to the Hebrews.” The book is
located in the New Testament after the epistles of Paul and before
those of Peter; quite possibly because of its length.
The basic teaching of the Letter to the Hebrews centers on showing the
superiority of the Christian religion over Judaism. This argument
develops in three stages:
1) Jesus Christ, the incarnate Son of God, is
superior to the angels, although He became less than the angels to lead
us by example.
2) Christ is superior to Moses. This is the reading the Episcopalians and Lutherans heard 2 weeks ago.
3) Jesus, the Son of God, is the great high priest.
His priesthood is of the order of Melchizedek, superior to the
priesthood of Aaron, from whom the Levitical priesthood is derived.
Who is this Melchizedek? We know very little of him through what is
recorded in Holy Scripture, but the Jewish targums [Aramaic
translations and paraphrases of the Old Testament which came into use
after the exile (586 B.C.)] and other writings make it very clear that
Jewish tradition identifies him as Noah’s firstborn son, Shem.
Melchizedek is his throne name (just as John Paul II is the throne name
of Karol Wojtyla).
“When Abraham returned from the war, Shem, or, as he is sometimes
called, Melchizedek, the king of righteousness, priest of God Most
High, and king of Jerusalem, came forth to meet him with bread and
wine” [see Genesis 14:17-18] (Ginzberg, Louis, Legends of the
Bible, Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1956, page
106).
How can this be? Noah lived many years before Abraham. After all, it
was Noah and his descendants who repopulated the world after the flood
and there are lots of people around when Abraham is living. Let’s
look at Genesis 11:10-26 for a few minutes. This passage traces the
genealogy of Abraham (or Abram as he was known before God changed his
name) from Shem, Noah’s firstborn son. From this passage, if we
do the math, we find that Shem lived for six hundred years; and in
fact, outlived Abraham, who himself lived to be 175, by 35 years. Did
people really live that long back then? We don’t know, but the
sacred author certainly wants us to be able to see the connection
between ShemMelchizedek and Abraham.
Why is this connection important? Because it traces the priesthood of the family. As
we follow the blessing through Scripture we find that in Genesis 9:1, 9
Noah is blessed by God and in Genesis 9:26 Shem is blessed by Noah. The
next mention of the blessing is in Genesis 14:19 where Abram is blessed
by Melchizedek. Later, Isaac is blessed and then Isaac passes the
blessing on to Jacob instead of Esau, as he had intended. When he finds
that he has been deceived, Isaac tells Esau that the blessing cannot be
taken back and describes the effect of this priestly ordination
“I have already appointed him your master, and I have assigned to
him all his kinsmen as his slaves” (Genesis 27:37). This is the
priesthood of the order of Melchizedek, the priesthood of the family.
1 Every high priest is taken from among men and made
their representative before God, to offer gifts and sacrifices for
sins.
This is the duty of the high priest (Leviticus 16:20-22). Jesus, as
high priest, makes these offerings in heaven on our behalf. Some
commentators have postulated, wrongly I believe, that
“gifts” refers to grain offerings while
“sacrifices” refers to animal offerings. As chapter 9
shows, the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) rite is the Old Testament rite
with which the author is principally concerned – it is atonement
for the sins of the people, not individual sin (Leviticus 16:30, 34).
2 He is able to deal patiently
The Greek term translated here as “deal patiently” appears
nowhere else in the Bible. It is a term signifying the right mean
between passion and lack of feeling.
with the ignorant and erring,
The only sins for which sacrificial atonement was impossible were those
designated in Numbers 15:30 as sins committed with a “high
hand”. These sins are probably sins perpetrated of set purpose,
rather than those into which man “fell” through human
weakness.
for he himself is beset by weakness 3 and so, for this reason, must
make sin offerings for himself as well as for the people.
Being beset by weakness is concupiscence. The weakness that leads to
sin. Everyone, including the priest, is a sinner. On the day of
atonement, the high priest, before entering the Holy of Holies, offered
a sin offering for his own sins as well as those of the people
(Leviticus 16:3, 6, 11; Hebrews 9:6-14).
4 No one takes this honor upon himself but only when called by God,
just as Aaron was. 5 In the same way, it was not Christ who glorified
himself in becoming high priest, but rather the one who said to him:
“You are my son; this day I have begotten you”;
Psalm 2:7 (Hebrews 4:14).
6 just as he says in another place: “You are a priest forever according to the order of
Melchizedek.”
Genesis 14:18 and Psalm 110:4. Unlike Levitical priests, who began
their apprenticeship at age 25, were ordained at age 30, and were
required to retire at age 50, Shem-Melchizedek kept the blessing for
over 400 years before passing it on to Abraham. Once the blessing was
conferred, the father continued in his position as elder of the family
until he died, but the one who received the blessing had the
responsibility for the well-being of the family. Jesus is not a
Levitical (Aaronite) high priest but a pre-golden calf high priest
(first-born son) through His Father’s blessing; just like
Melchizedek. Since He is a pre-golden calf priest, He does not have to
prove His genealogy and is not subject to a time limit on the exercise
of His priesthood. We will look more at Melchizedek next week.
Gospel - Mark 10:46-52
Last week we heard Jesus’ third instruction on Christology and
discipleship. These three instructions can briefly be summarized as
follows:
1) Jesus must suffer and die and in 3 days he will rise.
2) The disciple must forsake all earthly impediments
and depend totally upon God. Trust and serve like a child.
3) The humble disciple will receive earthly rewards
for his service – including persecution. The persecution will
help form his spirit in reparation for entering the kingdom of God.
This week we hear of the healing of blind Bartimaeus. In Mark 8:22-26
an unnamed blind man is brought to Jesus, has his sight restored
gradually, and is told to keep his healing a secret. In today’s
story, Bartimaeus actively seeks out Jesus, is healed immediately, and
becomes a disciple on the way. This second story, the last before Mark
begins his description of Passion Week, illustrates some progress in
faith. It is as much a call story as a healing story. Bartimaeus’
reaction to Jesus and his willingness to follow Him on the way of
discipleship contrast with the disciples’ misunderstanding and
blindness during the journey.
46 [ A]s he [Jesus] was leaving Jericho with his disciples and a sizable crowd,
Jericho is 15 miles northeast of Jerusalem and 5 miles west of the
Jordan River. The journey which began in Caesarea Philippi is reaching
its destination in Jerusalem.
Bartimaeus, a blind man, the son of Timaeus, sat by the roadside begging.
Bartimaeus is the Aramaic form, the explanation “son of Timaeus” is the Greek translation.
It is unusual for Mark to name the person to be healed.
“Mark has recorded both the name of Bartimaeus and of his father,
a circumstance which scarcely occurs in all the many cases of healing
which had been performed by the Lord. ... Consequently there can be
little doubt that this Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, had fallen from
some position of great prosperity, and was now regarded as an object of
the most notorious and the most remarkable wretchedness, because, in
addition to being blind, he had also to sit begging” [Saint
Augustine of Hippo (ca. AD. 400), The Harmony of the Evangelists,
2,65].
47 On hearing that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out and say, “Jesus, son of
David, have pity on me.”
This is the first public application of the messianic title “Son
of David” to Jesus. It is also the first recognition (apart from
Peter) of Jesus’ true identity by a human being rather than a
demon. The title “Son of David” designates Jesus as the
heir of the promise made to David through Nathan (2 Samuel 7:12-16; 1
Chronicles 17:11-14; Psalm 89:29-38).
48 And many rebuked him, telling him to be silent.
In Mark 3:12 and 8:30, Jesus commands silence, but here Jesus shows no displeasure over Bartimaeus’ acclamation.
But he kept calling out all the more,
Emphasizes the acclamation
“Son of David, have pity on me.” 49 Jesus stopped and said,
“Call him.” So they called the blind man, saying to him,
“Take courage; get up, he is calling you.” 50 He threw
aside his cloak,
May have been a garment but could also have been a cloth spread out to
receive offerings. The suggestion is that Bartimaeus was putting aside
the old order to be able to put on the new (baptismal imagery).
sprang up, and came to Jesus. 51 Jesus said to him in reply, “What do you want me to do for you?”
Jesus’ question is the same as to James and John (Mark 10:36).
Their request for seats of honor contrasts with Bartimaeus’
humble request. The blind man has already received a spiritual healing
and “sees” the nature of Jesus’ kingly authority; it
stoops to serve.
The blind man replied to him, “Master, I want to see.” 52
Jesus told him, “Go your way; your faith has saved you.”
Faith is the necessary prerequisite for a miracle and an essential
demand of Jesus’ preaching. Before the resurrection it could not,
however, have meant an act of belief in Christ as a divine person.
During Jesus’ ministry it would have meant a receptivity to
God’s healing word proclaimed by Jesus, together with a confident
self-abandonment to God whose saving power was being exercised in and
through Jesus.
Immediately he received his sight and followed him on the way.
Actually walked in His footsteps. A follower accompanied Jesus on His
journey. Bartimaeus may well have joined in Jesus’ passion
experience; he had received a spiritual and physical healing.
“So let us follow Him as our pattern: offering Him for our
ransom, receiving Him as our Eucharistic food and waiting for Him as
our endless and exceeding great reward” [Saint Augustine of Hippo
(between A.D. 391-430), Sermons on the Liturgical Seasons, For the
Easter Season, (No. 231,2)].
St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Picayune, MS http://www.scborromeo.org